Artificial Intelligence in the City: Urban Perspectives

By Deborah A. Carroll
246
2026

Description

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in urban perspectives involves applying AI technologies to improve city life through applications in urban infrastructure, sustainability, governance, and services. From optimizing traffic and managing public transit to enhancing citizen communication via chatbots and managing waste, AI helps cities become more efficient, sustainable, and livable. Urban AI is evolving the smart city concept by fundamentally changing how cities are designed and managed, often in collaboration with human planners. With the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, a new wave of integration between AI technologies and the urban intelligence process has emerged. This marks the latest and highest peak in the 8000-year history of urban construction, while also posing significant challenges and risks. Therefore, the concept of the "Artificial Intelligence City" (AI City) must first establish clear goals, ensure that technology serves a greater good, and remain true to its original purpose: using technology to enhance the quality of urban life rather than exacerbating inequality and opacity.

About Author

Deborah A. Carroll joined UIC in 2021 as Associate Professor in the Department of Public Administration and Director of the Government Finance Research Center in the College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs. Dr. Carroll's research focuses on financial management and fiscal policy issues of state and local governments, particularly related to taxation, revenue diversification, revenue stability, and urban economic development, as well as on the interconnectedness of the government and nonprofit sectors and the implications for tax policy, tax burden, and public service provision. On these topics, Dr. Carroll has produced more than 65 scholarly publications, most of which are co-authored with graduate students and junior faculty, and 20 grant-funded white papers and technical reports totaling more than $1.3 million. She has been invited to share her research and expertise with academic and practitioner audiences across the U.S. and in several other counties. Dr. Carroll serves as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs, which focuses on providing a connection between the practice and research of public affairs, and is a collaborating scholar with the University of Illinois System's Institute of Government and Public Affairs. In other service to the profession, Dr. Carroll has served on the governing boards of the Southeastern Conference for Public Administration (2011-2013) and Association for Budgeting and Financial Management (2006-2008), as editorial board member of the Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting, and Financial Management (2020-Present) and Urban Affairs Review (2009-2011), as Associate Editor of Public Administration Review (2015-2017), and as Treasurer of the Association for Budgeting and Financial Management (2013-2018). Dr. Carroll began her career in public service as a budget and policy analyst for the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin while pursuing her Master of Public Administration degree from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. With a passion for applied research intended to inform public policy and improve public sector management, Dr. Carroll pursued her Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, which she completed in 2004 along with a Graduate Certificate in State and Local Taxation from the UWM Sheldon B. Lubar School of Business. Her dissertation examined the extent to which Milwaukee's tax increment financing program influenced the investment decisions of private development firms and the extent to which capital improvements made within TIF districts were capitalized into business property values. Dr. Carroll has also served on the faculties of the University of Tennessee-Knoxville (2004-2006), University of Georgia (2006-2016), and University of Central Florida (2016-2021) where she also served as Director of the Center for Public and Nonprofit Management.

Table of Content

Preface 
Chapter 1 The Development of the Smart City 

1.1 THE CONCEPT OF THE SMART CITY
1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT AND PREDICAMENT OF SMART CITIES IN THE WORLD
1.3 URBAN INTELLECTUALIZATION UNDER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 

Chapter 2 Beyond Smart City: The AI City is Coming 
2.1 THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW GENERATION AI TECHNOLOGY
2.2 THE DEFINITION OF THE "AI CITY" 
2.3 THE DEVELOPMENT AND PREDICAMENT OF SMART CITIES IN THE WORLD 
2.4 THE ESSENCE OF THE AI CITY 
2.5 THE MULTI-BRAIN SCHEME OF AI CITIES 

Chapter 3 The Prototype of the AI City 
3.1 THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF URBAN INTELLIGENCE 
3.2 THE IMPACT OF SEVEN WAVES OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY 
3.3 FUTURE URBAN CHANGES TRIGGERED BY AI TECHNOLOGY
3.4 THE AI CITY PROTOTYPE 
3.5 THE PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE OF THE AI CITY

Chapter 4 The Determinants of the AI City 
4.1 AI CITY DETERMINANT 1: LEARNING ABILITY 
4.2 AI CITY DETERMINANT 2: DISCOVERING LAWS THROUGH LEARNING
4.3 AI CITY DETERMINANT 3: PREDICTING THE FUTURE
4.4 AI CITY DETERMINANT 4: INTELLIGENT SELF-ORGANIZATION APPLICATIONS 
4.5 AI CITY DETERMINANT 5: DEMAND-DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 5 The Main Goal of the AI City 
5.1 THE GENERATION OF HUMAN NEED 
5.2 THE DIVERSITY OF HUMAN NEEDS 
5.3 MEETING HUMAN NEEDS IS THE ESSENCE OF URBAN INTELLIGENCE

Chapter 6 Matching Between New Generation AI Technologies and Urban Demands 
6.1 THE MATRIX OF AI TECHNOLOGIES AND CITY NEEDS 
6.2 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF BIG DATA INTELLIGENCE
6.3 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF SWARM INTELLIGENCE 
6.4 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF CROSS-MEDIA INTELLIGENCE
6.5 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF HYBRID ENHANCED INTELLIGENCE
6.6 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENT UNMANNED SYSTEMS

Chapter 7 Frontier Application of New Generation AI Technology 93
7.1 INTELLIGENT FABRICATION 
7.2 INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE
7.3 INTELLIGENT HEALTHCARE
7.4 INTELLIGENT EDUCATION 

Chapter 8 The Technical Framework of AI Cities 
8.1 DATA SENSING PLATFORM AND DATABASE 
8.2 INTELLIGENT FEEDBACK
8.3 DECISION-MAKING TECHNOLOGY 
8.4 THE SYSTEM OF APPLICATION SCENARIOS

Chapter 9 Case Study: Qingdao Sino-German Future-Park 
9.1 CONSTRUCTION OF THE AI CITY PIVOT IN THE QINGDAO SINO-GERMAN FUTURE CITY 
9.2 RATIONAL ALLOCATION OF ENERGY AND WATER RESOURCES 
9.3 THE CIM PLATFORM OF THE QINGDAO SINO-GERMAN FUTURE CITY
9.4 THE SYSTEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE CIM PLATFORM OF THE QINGDAO SINO-GERMAN FUTURE CITY 
9.5 THE ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE AI CITY PIVOT OF THE QINGDAO SINO-GERMAN FUTURE CITY 

Chapter 10 Case Study: The Shanghai Jinding Smart City 
10.1 THE SHANGHAI JINDING SMART CITY: INTRODUCTION 
10.2 INTELLIGENT PERCEPTION OF THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE
10.3 AI-ENABLED SPACE, FUNCTION, ALLOCATION, AND  OPERATION WITH DIGITAL INTELLIGENCE IN JINDING
10.4 HIGHLIGHT 2: SMART ELEMENTS FUNCTION 
10.5 HIGHLIGHT 3: SMART RESOURCE ALLOCATION 

Chapter 11 Case Study: Taizhou Innovation Park 
11.1 INTRODUCTION 
11.2 INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION
11.3 AI-ENABLED SPACE INNOVATION 
11.4 DEMONSTRATION OF AI SCENARIO INTEGRATION

Chapter 12 Shanghai Maqiao: AI Innovation Experimental Area 
12.1 SHANGHAI MAQIAO: THE FIRST AI INNOVATION EXPERIMENTAL AREA IN CHINA
12.2 MAQIAO TO BE A WORLD-CLASS AI CITY
12.3 AI TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MAQIAO

Chapter 13The Iteration Mode of the AI City 
13.1 URBAN DEMAND ITERATION
13.2 DEVELOPMENT OF AI TECHNOLOGIES 
13.3 CONSTRUCTION OF INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE
13.4 IMPROVEMENT OF THE GOVERNANCE MODE
13.5 CULTIVATION OF INNOVATIVE TALENTS

Chapter 14The Opportunities and Challenges of Constructing AI Cities in China
14.1 CHINA'S FOUNDATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AI CITIES
14.2 THE CHALLENGES OF CONSTRUCTING AI CITIES IN CHINA 

Chapter 15 Emerging Next-Generation AI Techniques 
15.1 CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE 
15.2 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
15.3 AESTHETICS INTELLIGENCE
15.4 THE INTELLIGENT CREATIVE CLUSTER

Chapter 16 Smart Cities, Smarter Solutions: AI for Urban Transformation 
16.1 INTRODUCTION
16.2 AI APPLICATIONS IN KEY URBAN DOMAINS
16.3 AI-DRIVEN URBAN PLANNING
16.4 CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT AND SMART GOVERNANCE 
16.5 ETHICAL AND PRIVACY CONSIDERATIONS IN AI-DRIVEN SMART CITIES 
16.6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN AI-DRIVEN SMART CITIES 

References
Index