Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Disaster Management

By Tom Harris
302
2026

Description

GIS play a crucial role in disaster management by providing valuable tools and technologies for collecting, analysing, and visualizing geospatial data. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide essential disaster management decision support and analytical capabilities. As such, homeland security professionals would greatly benefit from an interdisciplinary understanding of GIS and how GIS relates to disaster management, policy, and practice. Using a hands-on approach grounded in relevant GIS and disaster management theory and practice providing coverage of GIS fundamentals applied to disaster management. Real-life case studies demonstrate GIS concepts and their applicability to the full disaster management cycle. The learning-by-example approach helps readers see how GIS for disaster management operates at local, state, national, and international scales through government, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and volunteer groups. By combining GIS and remote sensing technologies, emergency response teams can enhance their capabilities in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. These tools enable faster decision-making, improved resource allocation, and more effective coordination, ultimately saving lives and minimizing the impact of natural disasters. This book includes real-life examples to engage readers and authorities, providing unique insights into disaster management. It highlights the roles of institutes, volunteers, communities, and educational institutions in implementing recovery policies and educating the masses. This book stimulates critical thinking and encourages readers to develop their own ideas by combining the methods discussed. Written after extensive research and personal experience, this book tackles sensitive issues, emphasizing the need for awareness and effective policies. It offers an array of techniques and methods, with detailed examples. This book focuses on the application of GIS to disaster management. The book assumes no previous knowledge of GIS and little to no experience with disaster-management ideas or concepts. This book is written for disaster management students interested in learning about the many facets of geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management. Disasters continue to proliferate in size, scope, and intensity. Disasters are affecting more people in diverse geographical contexts than ever before. Given that disasters are fundamentally spatial in nature, GIS plays a critical role in disaster management.

About Author

Tom Harris is an associate professor and director of the Center for Geographic Information Science and Technology at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, NY, USA, and an adjunct professor with the Centre for Disaster Management and Mitigation. His research interests are in the domains of geographic information science and technology, geographic visualization, spatial thinking, disaster management, and forced displacement. His published research has appeared in top scientifc journals such as Information Visualization, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Computers and Geosciences, and The Cartographic Journal. He is the cocreator of the Refugee GIS (RefuGIS) project that is the world's first innovation project to empower refugees themselves to use GIS. He is actively involved in international disaster management and refugee affairs research with research projects funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) in Rwanda, Germany, and Jordan as well as collaborations with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Rwanda and Jordan.

Table of Content

Preface 
Chapter 1. Introduction to GIS and Disaster Management

Definition and Concept of GIS
Evolution and History of GIS
Basics of Disaster Management
Role of GIS in Disaster Risk Reduction
Importance of Spatial Information in Emergencies

Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Natural Disasters
Earthquakes: Causes and Mapping
Floods: Hydrological Analysis and GIS Use
Cyclones and Hurricanes: Forecasting and GIS Monitoring
Landslides: Terrain Analysis and Risk Zonation
Volcanic Eruptions: Spatial Risk Mapping

Chapter 3. Principles of GIS in Disaster Management
GIS Data Types: Raster and Vector
Map Projections and Coordinate Systems
Spatial Analysis Tools for Risk Assessment
Overlay and Buffer Analysis
Remote Sensing and GIS Integration

Chapter 4. GIS for Hazard Mapping
Identifying Hazard-Prone Areas
Creating Hazard Maps with GIS
Use of DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) in Mapping
Vulnerability and Exposure Mapping
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping

Chapter 5. Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
Definition of Vulnerability and Risk
Population and Infrastructure Exposure Mapping
Socioeconomic Indicators in Risk Assessment
Environmental Sensitivity and Fragility
Quantitative vs Qualitative Risk Models

 
Chapter 6. Remote Sensing in Disaster Monitoring
Satellite Sensors for Disaster Monitoring
Pre- and Post-Disaster Image Comparison
Change Detection in Disasters
Thermal Imaging in Fire Monitoring
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for Floods and Earthquakes

Chapter 7. GIS in Disaster Preparedness
Early Warning Systems and GIS
GIS in Evacuation Route Planning
Shelter and Resource Mapping
Public Awareness and Community Mapping
Scenario-Based Planning with GIS

Chapter 8. GIS in Emergency Response
Incident Mapping and Real-Time Dashboards
Crisis Mapping Tools and Apps
Emergency Communication Networks
Routing and Accessibility Mapping
Mobile GIS for First Responders

Chapter 9. GIS in Post-Disaster Recovery
Damage Assessment Mapping
Reconstruction Planning using GIS
Monitoring Temporary Housing and Facilities
Infrastructure Rehabilitation Mapping

Chapter 10. Disaster Database and GIS Integration
Disaster Databases: EM-DAT, DesInventar
Spatially Referenced Disaster Event Datasets
Metadata Standards for Disaster Data
Integration of Historical Disaster Records
Updating and Maintaining GIS Databases
Spatial Temporal Data Analysis

Bibliography 
Index