Modern Number Theory

By Philip M. Maynard
266
2026

Description

Number Theory is more than a comprehensive treatment of the subject. It is an introduction to topics in higher level mathematics, and unique in its scope; topics from analysis, modern algebra, and discrete mathematics are all included. This book covers key concepts of number theory and could serve as a first course on the subject. It delves into more advanced topics and an exploration of related mathematics. It contains, for example, complete proofs of the Hasse–Minkowski theorem and the prime number theorem, as well as self-contained accounts of the character theory of finite groups and the theory of elliptic functions. Bridging the gap between elementary number theory and the systematic study of advanced topics, Modern Number Theory is a well-developed and accessible text that requires only a familiarity with basic abstract algebra. Historical development is stressed throughout, along with wide-ranging coverage of significant results with comparatively elementary proofs, some of them new.

About Author

Philip M. Maynard received his Bachelor of Arts (Honours) (1983) and his Certificate of Advanced Studies (Distinction) (1984) from Trinity College, Cambridge University. He received his PhD from Queen’s University in 1987 and was inducted into the Royal Society of Canada in 2006. He has been a faculty member at the Université de Montréal since 2002. Before moving to Montreal he was a mathematics professor at the University of Georgia (UGA) from 1991 until 2002. His work is mainly in number theory, in particular analytic number theory.

Table of Content

Preface 
Chapter 1. Foundations of Number Theory

Introduction to Number Theory
Natural Numbers, Integers, and Rational Numbers
Divisibility and the Division Algorithm
Greatest Common Divisor and Euclidean Algorithm
Prime Numbers and Their Properties

Chapter 2. Congruences and Modular Arithmetic
Definition of Congruences
Properties of Congruences
Linear Congruences
Complete and Reduced Residue Systems
Chinese Remainder Theorem

Chapter 3. Diophantine Equations
Introduction to Diophantine Equations
Linear Diophantine Equations
The Pythagorean Triples
Diophantine analysis
Pell’s Equation

Chapter 4. Arithmetic Functions
Euler’s Totient Function (φ-Function)
Möbius Function and Möbius Inversion
Divisor Function
Sigma Function and Aliquot Sums
Multiplicative Functions

Chapter 5. Prime Numbers and Primality
Prime Counting Function
Prime Number Theorem
Sieve of Eratosthenes
Sieve of Sundaram and Sieve of Atkin
Distribution of Primes
Chapter 6. Fermat’s Theorems and Euler’s Theorem
Fermat’s Little Theorem
Euler’s Theorem
Wilson’s Theorem
Fermat Numbers
Generalizations and Applications

Chapter 7. Quadratic Residues and Reciprocity
Quadratic Residues and Nonresidues
Legendre Symbol
Euler’s Criterion Revisited
Law of Quadratic Reciprocity

Chapter 8. Continued Fractions
Introduction to Continued Fractions
Finite and Infinite Continued Fractions
Convergents of Continued Fractions
Periodic Continued Fractions
Applications to Rational Approximations

Chapter 9. Algebraic Number Theory
Algebraic Numbers and Integers
Minimal Polynomials
Quadratic Fields
Rings of Integers
Norms and Traces

Chapter 10. Transcendental Number Theory
Transcendental vs Algebric Numbers
Liouville Numbers
Lindemann – Weistrass Theorem
Proof that e is Irrational
Gelfond-Schneider Theorem

Bibliography